Which visual illusion occurs due to long, straight paths of light along roadways?

The correct choice is Ground Lighting Illusion. This visual phenomenon occurs when pilots perceive a long, straight path of light along roadways, which can lead to misjudgments regarding their altitude and distance from the actual runway or landing surface. When lights form straight lines, especially in rural areas or during night flights, they can create an illusion of a runway or even mislead pilots to think they are at a lower altitude than they actually are. This can be particularly dangerous during landing, as it may cause a pilot to misinterpret their approach and could lead to a miscalculated landing.

The other options represent different visual illusions but do not correctly define the specific scenario involving long, straight paths of light along roadways. Understanding the Ground Lighting Illusion is critical for pilots to maintain situational awareness and exercise caution when navigating in conditions where this type of visual cue is present. Recognizing such illusions can enhance safety during flight operations, particularly during nighttime or low-visibility conditions.