Which of the following conditions does NOT typically lead to medical disqualification?

Asthma with proper management is the condition that typically does not lead to medical disqualification. The key factor is the effective management of asthma symptoms through medication and monitoring. Many individuals with well-controlled asthma can safely participate in aviation activities, provided they meet specific criteria set by aviation medical authorities.

In contrast, conditions like substance abuse, psychosis, and bipolar disorder often lead to disqualification due to their potential to impair judgment, decision-making, and cognitive function, which are critical for safe flying. The assessment of an individual's medical history, treatment plans, and overall stability will determine eligibility, but those with well-managed asthma are often able to obtain medical certification.