What is the term for the body's adaptation to high altitudes?

The term "acclimatization" refers specifically to the process by which the human body adjusts to changes in its environment, particularly in response to high altitude conditions. When an individual ascends to elevated altitudes, there is a decrease in atmospheric pressure, leading to reduced availability of oxygen. Acclimatization involves a series of physiological changes that enhance the body’s ability to utilize oxygen more effectively. Key adaptations during this process include an increase in respiratory rate, changes in blood chemistry, and increased production of red blood cells, all of which help to mitigate the effects of lower oxygen levels.

This adaptation is essential for maintaining physical performance and preventing altitude-related illnesses such as Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS). It generally takes a few days to weeks for the body to fully acclimatize and maximize performance at high altitudes, which underscores the importance of allowing time for this process when travelling to or climbing in elevated regions.