How can turbulence affect pilot performance?

Turbulence can significantly impact pilot performance due to its potential to create physiological stress and distractions while flying. When an aircraft encounters turbulence, pilots may experience physical sensations such as sudden jolts or variations in altitude, which can lead to an increased heart rate and heightened anxiety. This physiological response may divert their attention from critical flight duties, making it more challenging to manage the aircraft effectively.

Furthermore, the unpredictability of turbulence requires constant adjustments and responsiveness from pilots, which can further strain their focus and cognitive resources. These factors can impede decision-making and situational awareness, which are vital components of flight safety.

In contrast to the other options, which suggest either a neutral or positive impact on pilot performance, the correct answer accurately reflects the challenges pilots may face in turbulent conditions, emphasizing the need for additional training and techniques to mitigate the effects of turbulence on their performance.